It is actually a well thought out statistical analysis of quarterback efficiency based on 4 main attributes. They are completion percentage, yards per attempt, TD per attempt, and interceptoins per attempt. Each of these categories are set to an upper and lower limit with increasing diminishing returns for the upper limits. If you do reach the upper limits in each category, such as 12.5 yards/att and no interceptions, then you will have a perfect rating of 158.3
If you want to calculate it yourself, just employ this easy to use formula.
